Joseph Gottstein, his wife (center) and Mrs. Morrie Alhadeff watch a race from the Club House balcony in 1949. / Photo courtesy of the Museum of History and Industry, Seattle Post-Intelligencer Collection (Image No. PI23523)

By David Eskenazi and Steve Rudman

John Pinnell (sometimes spelled “Pennell”), a second-generation settler in Seattle, Washington Territory, oversaw two significant business projects after he arrived from San Francisco sometime in 1861. Neither enterprise won the interloper universal acclaim among residents of the region.

Shortly after decamping in what was then a crude logging town, Pinnell met with local authorities and convinced them to approve the town’s first bordello in exchange for an annual $1,200 licensing fee and assurances that he would keep his business activity confined to a district south of Mill Street, now Yesler Way.

Joseph Gottstein, left, and William Edris revived thoroughbred racing in the state of Washington. / Photo courtesy of the Museum of History and Industry, Seattle-Post Intelligencer Collection (Image No. 1986.5.26567

According to Those Naughty Ladies of the Old Northwest (published in 1990), a collection of stories and anecdotes about the region’s colorful madams of the past, Pinnell “constructed a large, rectangular building that housed a dance floor, a bar, and a number of private rooms where the primary business would be conducted.”

Pinnell called his establishment Illahee, a Chinook jargon word meaning “a home away from home,” and staffed it initially with young women from local Indian tribes (Pinnell traded food and other goods for their services). Later, as Illahee surged into profitability, Pinnell recruited unemployed dancehall girls from San Francisco’s Barbary Coast to work the string of establishments he added to Illahee.

The area around Illahee came to be known as “Skid Row” (San Francisco had a similar district, “Tenderloin”) and soon evolved into one of the country’s largest concentrations of unregulated vice — bawdy houses, breweries, saloons and gambling (at one time 24 saloons operated 24 hours per day). The Skid Row district served as a magnet for lumberjacks, sailors and especially Alaskan miners laden with gold from the Yukon.

Having introduced Seattle to the commercial sex industry, and becoming (in some quarters) a respected businessman in the process, Pinnell in 1869 introduced it to organized, if irregularly contested, horse races at his new facility, the Seattle Race Course. Along with the track came more brothels and saloons, and more money for Pinnell.

The Seattle Race Course shut down in 1878, reopened in 1883 as the Seattle Driving Park, and remained active until 1892, when it shuttered again.

In 1902, in an effort to better utilize valuable downtown real estate and distance “respectable” Seattle citizens from what The Seattle Times described as the city’s “biggest cesspool,” city officials ordered that the Skid Row area be moved several blocks south. That same year, the King County Fair Association constructed The Meadows Race Track at the south end of Beacon Hill and the Duwamish River (the track was surrounded on three sides by loops in the Duwamish).

The one-mile dirt oval included an opulent clubhouse, a grandstand that accommodated 10,000, and a series of stables that provided stalls for 1,000 horses. According to The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, bookmakers paid $150 a day to The Meadows in exchange for the privilege of taking bets out of 150 stalls constructed especially for that purpose.

The first racing “season” in 1902 lasted 10 days. But beginning in 1903, the King County Fair Association extended it to 30 due to popular demand, which grew due to the proximity of the Seattle Electric Company’s interurban rail line that carried betting men from First Avenue South and King Street to the track in cattle cars like livestock to a rendering.

The first automobile race in the area took place at The Meadows in 1905. Bill Boeing witnessed his first airplane demonstration (and first airplane crash) from the grandstands of The Meadows. Boeing also built his first airplane on the site.

But while the track served as an important entertainment venue, a gaggle of what one newspaper labeled “temperance terrors,” began assaulting political officials, demanding that they crack down on the nefarious aspects of the neighborhood. They aimed to limit saloon licenses, disperse the red-light district, and eliminate the track’s bookmakers.

An original Stu Moldrem drawing depicting the Longacres paddock in the early 1960s. / David Eskenazi Collection

As The Argus (a weekly Seattle newspaper published between 1894-1983) described The Meadows in 1908: “It is the worst gambling hole that has ever been opened  . . . Men lose all their money at the races, and women lose their men.”

One do-gooder, a former Ohioan named Edward H. Cherrington, chairman of Seattle’s Anti-Saloon League, helped convinced the state legislature to crack down on Skid Row “blight.” Although Cherrington specifically wanted to “stamp out of existence every booze joint in the territory,” he got more than he wanted.

In 1908, in a fit of moral fervor, the legislature banned gambling statewide, forcing The Meadows out of the thoroughbred racing business.

(Although thoroughbred racing ceased, the grounds served Seattle in other ways for a number of years. Seattle’s first powered airplane flight took place there in 1910. On May 29, 1912, Seattle’s first airplane fatality also occurred there when pilot J. Clifford Turpin “fell out of the air” and hit the grandstand, killing one and injuring 14. The Meadows was paved over in 1928 to createBoeing Field.)

Had it not been for the 1929 stock market crash, thoroughbred racing might never have returned to the state, or at least returned when it did. Starting in 1922, a pair of Seattle real estate entrepreneurs, Joseph Gottstein and William Edris, embarked on a campaign to revive the sport.

Another original artwork by Stu Moldrem, this one depicting thoroughbreds charging for the finish line, with the famous Longacres poplars in the background. / David Eskenazi Collection

Despite their best efforts, they got nowhere until after Oct. 28-29, 1929, when the collapse of U.S. financial markets triggered the Great Depression, which severely impacted the state’s ability to generate revenue.

With lobbying support from future U.S. Sen. Warren G. Magnuson, then a state representative, Gottstein and Edris enlisted another state representative, Joseph B. Roberts, to introduce House Bill 59, a measure that, if passed, would legalize pari-mutuel wagering on horse races and guarantee that a five percent tax on the gross handle (total money wagered) would end up in the state’s coffers.

Vinson Joseph Gottstein, 18 years old when The Meadows shut down in 1909, was born in Seattle on July 14, 1891, in the family home at Ninth Avenue and Columbia Street. His father, Meyer (Mike), had emigrated from Russia and his mother, Rosa, from Poland.

Upon arriving in the U.S., Meyer headed west and made his living (and a very good one) as a whiskey wholesaler in North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming before landing in Seattle in 1879. There, Meyer launched the “M. Gottstein Investment Co.,” which, in the years following Prohibition, concerned itself with mortgage loans, real estate and insurance.

Rather than matriculate to the University of Washington, Joe Gottstein, went east and attended New Hampshire’s Phillips Exeter Academy. Then he enrolled first at Princeton University and later at Lafayette before moving on to Brown, where he played on the offensive line for the Bears’ 1912 football team.

Gottstein also wrestled and had a passion for the horses, frequently attending races in New York – his initial enthusiasm for the sport stemming from the fact that his father had been an investor in The Meadows, often took Joe there, and presented him with his first thoroughbred when Joe turned eight years old (Prince Liege).

Longacres served as a base for a variety of characters, including trainer Sleepy Armstrong, shown in the center of this original artwork by Stu Moldrem. Armstrong is credited with launching famed jockey Johnny Longden’s racing career. / David Eskenazi Collection

After completing college, Gottstein returned to Seattle and, by 1919, had become president of Gottstein’s Inc. He bought and sold real estate successfully and became involved in a variety of civic concerns. Most notably, Gottstein joined a group that built Seattle’s Coliseum Theater, at the time considered the finest in the world.

Gottstein couldn’t help but come to know – and do business with — Edris. A newspaper article, dated Oct. 28, 1926, reported that, “Two young Seattle businessmen, William Edris and Joseph Gottsbein, have taken a considerable part of downtown Seattle in their capable hands during the past couple of years and have been changing the entire aspect of the city’s business center.”

Once, when it was suggested that Gottstein seemed to own half of downtown Seattle and had his eye on the other half, Gottstein remarked, “Why, the town just can’t keep from going ahead, can it? Well, somebody’s going to make money on these big deals. Too many cities wait for outside capital to come in and clean up all the gravy.

“We’ve got confidence in Seattle’s future, and there isn’t anything else to it except buy ’em an sell ’em. If Seattle money doesn’t develop Seattle, somebody else’s money will. I’ll invest mine right here.”

Born in Eugene, OR., Edris graduated with a law degree from the University of Washington in 1922, the same year he and Gottstein launched their quest to return thoroughbred racing – and betting – to Washington.

/ A Longacres-issued press for the 1952 thoroughbred racing season. / David Eskenazi Collection

While Edris shared Gottstein’s love of thoroughbred racing, he wasn’t nearly as personally invested in it as his partner. Real estate most fascinated Edris, who went on to acquire an impressive array of properties, including the Olympic and Roosevelt hotels in Seattle, the Davenport Hotel in Spokane, the Fourth and Pike Building in Seattle and the Pioneer Security Co., which operated theaters in Seattle (Liberty and Venetian), Tacoma (Roxy), Enumclaw and Great Falls, MT.

Pioneer Security Co. also owned and operated the Broadway Market and Von’s Restaurant, and Edris had personal financial stakes in the Seattle Rainiers, Seattle Hockey Club and Sound Bridge and Dredging.

Gottstein’s determination to return thoroughbred racing to the area received detailed treatment in an excellent series of articles, many by Susan van Dyke, about the inaugural class of Washington Racing Hall of Fame inductees in 2003.

Wrote van Dyke: “By 1922, racing (except for amateur races at county fairs) had lain dormant for 14 years in the Evergreen State. Gottstein and Roscoe Drumheller got together in the hopes of legalizing racing again. With the help of a young Seattle lawyer named Edwin J. Brown, whose father was then mayor of Seattle, a racing bill was submitted to the legislature. The vote in the Senate resulted in a tie, with the lieutenant governor, Wee Coyle (a former University of Washington quarterback under Gil Dobie), casting the tiebreaker in racing’s favor.

“Unfortunately, the bill failed to reach the floor in the House of Representatives . . . Gottstein never gave up the battle.”

Following the stock market crash, the state found itself strapped for cash and ready to seize upon any source of revenue. The time for thoroughbred racing’s return had come and, on March 20, 1933, Gov. Clarence D. Martin (Washington State’s football stadium is named after him) signed House Bill 59.

Official Longacres club house pass, good for the 1954 racing season. / David Eskenazi Collection

Gottstein wasted no time reviving the sport of kings. He founded the Washington Jockey Club on June 20, 1933, after receiving a state permit to own and operate a one-mile dirt track. Newly formed, the Washington Horse Racing Commission awarded a 40-day meet (Aug. 3-Sept. 17, 1933) to a new racing partnership headed by Gottstein and Edris.

The Washington Jockey Club then foundl 100 acres of land near the Renton Junction, purchasing the property from a dairyman named James Nelson. The Jockey Club, according to van Dyke, selected the property (once a potato farm) for three reasons: “The fine alluvial soil was well scoured by glaciers in past ages; no danger of rocks. This made a safe running track with much less work than in many locations. It was close to railroad siding, which was important in the beginning. It was removed from the city and easily accessible, both from East and West Valley highways.”

What happened next would seem a ludicrous impossibility today. Under Gottstein’s direction, a throng of workers, estimated at nearly 3,000, erected a functioning thoroughbred racing track in just 28 days.

Gottstein accomplished this feat in part because the ground that the Washington Jockey Club selected was fairly level, but mostly because of the Depression climate: Gottstein never lacked for labor because everyone wanted to work in those days.

Gottstein’s crews labored around the clock, and he often toiled along with them. As workers plowed the grounds, an acquaintance of Gottstein’s, the renowned architect, B. Marcus Priteca, penciled out the overall design of the new facility.

Born in Scotland and educated at George Watson College, Priteca arrived in Seattle sometime around 1914. By the time he began his design of Gottstein’s race track, Priteca had numerous architectural successes: The Pantages Theater (1911), the Crystal Pool and Natatorium (1913, where swimming coach Ray Daughters transformed Seattle teenager Helene Madison into a triple Olympic gold medalist), Coliseum Theater (1916), Capitol Theater (1920) and Orpheum Theater (1927), among them (Priteca designed numerous theaters because he was a whiz at acoustics).

A Longacres Club House pass, good for the 1957 racing season. / David Eskenazi Collection

Priteca’s design called for a grandstand and clubhouse, a dirt oval racing surface and an allotment of horse stalls, which called for two million board feet of lumber. The track was ready to go on Aug. 3, 1933, when Gottstein, Edris and Priteca rose to greet a clear day and what would, over the years, become a typically fast track.

More than 11,000 people coughed up $1.10 in admission to enter the new facility (named Longacres by Gottstein in a salute to France’s famed Longchamps, which Gottstein had seen as a boy), and pumped $13,000 through the mutual wickets. Neither Gottstein nor Edris would live nearly long enough to witness the track’s remarkable 59-year run.

As van Dyke pointed out in her superb 2003 series, Longacres became one of the West Coast’s (and nation’s) most progressive thoroughbred tracks (to say nothing of its splendid ambience).

Longacres became the first track of its size to install a totalizer (a machine used for posting odds and results) and photo-chart camera. It was the first to carry an insurance program for jockeys and exercise boys, the first to license a female trainer (Ruth Parton), the first to introduce Sunday racing, the first to license a Japanese rider, the first to introduce the electric starting gate.

For all of that, Gottstein’s most enduring legacy remains the regional sporting tradition which he created and introduced to Northwest racing fans two years after the track opened, in 1935.

Longacres chief executive Morrie Alhadeff, left, with Seattle Post-Intelligencer columnist Royal Brougham. / David Eskenazi Collection

That year, sensing the need for the dramatic and desiring to lure better horses and jockeys to the Northwest, Gottstein established the region’s most important thoroughbred race, which came to be known as the Longacres Mile.

Gottstein selected the mile distance precisely because it was not considered a “classic” distance. Gottstein knew it would take a special horse to excel at a mile because it split the difference between a sprinter and a router: One mile was too long for a sprinter but not long enough for a router (distance horse).

The initial purse of $10,000 came directly from Gottstein’s personal checking account. It was an unheard-of sum deep in the Depression. Consider that the purse stood for four decades as the largest for a one-mile race.

The first Longacres Mile attracted 16 runners and a packed grandstand. Coldwater, dismissed by the bettors, defeated the favored Biff, a grandson of Man ‘o War carrying 16 more pounds, winning by a neck. Over the years, no fewer than 13 Hall of Fame jockeys, including Eddie Arcaro (Two and Twenty, 1950), Bill Hartack (Quality Qwest, 1955), Johnny Longden (Harpie, 1962), Bill Shoemaker (Bad ‘n Big, 1978) and Gary Stevens (Louis Cyphre, 1991), competed in the Mile.

Edris cashed out his stake in Longacres in 1937 and devoted the remainder of his business career to his real estate holdings. He died at age 76 in November of 1974 of a lung-related problem in Palm Springs, CA.

Despite his important real estate holdings in downtown Seattle, not one of Edris’ obituaries merited more than 10 inches in a Seattle newspaper. Gottstein’s, which ran on Jan. 2, 1971, got more than a page (Gottstein died on Jan. 1, the universal birthday of all thoroughbreds, of lung cancer.)

In its obituary, The Seattle Times (Bob Schwarzmann working the keyboard), described Gottstein as the “Laird of Longacres,” calling him “a short, bull-chested man whose well-kept body bounced back from cruel assaults by the surgeon’s scalpel.”

Schwarzmann noted that Gottstein “ruled Washington horse racing with an iron fist and a soft heart,” that he “would thunder and roar and hurl ultimatums,” would “scowl, curse and threaten.”

Gottstein also presented “a steel-trap mind, capable of solving complex mathematical problems without pencil and paper. He was a scholar with an insatiable thirst for knowledge. He could recite, verbatim, intricate passages from his school days.”

For all of his civic clout, Gottstein probably would have been powerless, as were his heirs, the Morris Alhadeff family, from preventing Longacres’ closure and sale to The Boeing Company, in 1992. But his dream lasted for 59 years, a formidable legacy.

Check out David Eskenazi’s “Wayback Machine Archive.” David can be reached at (206) 441-1900, or at seattlesportshistory@gmail.com

Special thanks to the Museum of History and Industry